I'm having a similar problem to this thread, but with my executable file.
I have a project in LabWindows 2015 SP1 using Windows 7 Pro. I created an icon file and set my project to use it by selecting Build -> Target Settings -> Application icon file with Configuration set to "All Configurations". Later I created a different icon file and changed the target settings to use the new file.
When I build my application, I'm seeing something strange. The icon that shows up in my Windows folder for the application is the old one, and if I create a shortcut to the application on my desktop, I get the old icon. But when I run the program, the icon in the upper left corner of my main panel is the new one, and so is the one that appears in the taskbar.
I tried the solution suggested in the original thread (deleting the cvibuild.xxx folder), but it didn't help.
I did find another solution -- renaming either the executable file or the folder containing it to any other name causes the icon to change to the correct one. So this isn't a big problem, but I thought I should report it anyway since the behavior doesn't seem right.
If I subsequently rename the file or folder back to the original name, the icon reverts to the old one.